Elevation and cation exchange capacity determine diversity of ferns in a low-montane tropical rainforest in Ecuador

Abstract Ferns (Polypodiophyta) are an abundant floral element of the tropics with high sensitivity to environmental conditions and good indicators overall biodiversity. Here, we set out identify which geochemical factors determine fern diversity in a low-montane tropical rainforest Eastern Ecuador. We conducted field survey high-spatial resolution completing comprehensive inventory across two elevational ranges, combined biochemical characterisation underlying soils. While α-diversity was negatively correlated cation exchange capacity (CEC) elevation, β-diversity increased elevation geographic distance, as predicted. Our results confirm that ferns have both gradients, where latter this study derived from enhanced aluminium, iron calcium contents some studied Further monitoring communities could therefore help better understand predict how change may impact biodiversity, particular focus on threats potentially arising toxic elements being released soils through modified soil CEC.